
China Terms You Should Know
Batch - The precise mixture of clay and other ingredients which, by heat processing, is transformed into fine china.
Bisque or Biscuit - Clayware that has been fired once for hardening but has not yet been glazed.
Bisque Fire - The first firing or baking which hardens a china piece in its final shape.
Blank - An undecorated piece of china, usually one that will be subjected to further processing for decoration.
Body - The physical composition of a piece of china as distinct form its glaze and decoration.
Casting - A process in which liquid clay is poured into a mold and then allowed to set, forming a hollow piece.
Coupe - A contemporary design shape. Its surface from edge to edge is one gracefully smooth arc or curve.
Crazing - A defect in china glaze consisting of a network of tiny cracks caused by the difference in the rate of contraction between body and glaze.
Dipping - The process by which dinnerware is dipped in liquid glaze prior to second firing.
Firing - A baking process under carefully controlled temperatures to which all ceramic ware is subjected for hardening, strengthening, and fusing together its various ingredients.
Flatware - Any flat piece, including plates and platters or all shapes and sizes.
Flux - A material that aids the melting and fusion of ceramic ingredients under heat. The most commonly used fluxes in china manufacturing are feldspar and bone ash.
Foot - This is the vase on which the piece rests.
Glaze - The protective armor of fine china. The glaze liquie is fired to achieve a degree of hardness and brilliance that gives china its distinctive beauty.
Glost Firing - China's second firing, the purpose of which is to harden and set the glaze. Temperatures are generally lower that those of the first, and bisque firing.
Green Ware - China that has been shaped but not yet fired and therefore, has very little mechanical strength.
Hand Painted - The decoration that has been completely hand applied.
Holloware - Cups, bowls, pitchers and similar china pieces as distinguished from flatware such as plates and platters.
Jigger - A revolving platform above which is suspended a shaped blade that is brought down on a spinning mass of clay to give it its profile. It is a modern adaption of a potter's wheel.
Kaolin - A pure, white, top grade clay used in the making of fine china.
Kiln - An oven in which china is fired or baked. Pottery men pronounce the word as if it were spelled without the "n".
Lining - The line decoration that trims the outer edge or inner shoulder of a china piece.
Mold - The form used for shaping holloware pieces. Molds are usually made of plaster of Paris, useful for its high absorbancy.
Open Stock - This refers to piece by piece availability in the stores. China may be purchased in this way or in place settings and complete services.
Paste - The mixture from which china is made. The two basic types are soft paste, which includes a high percentage of powdered glass, and hard paste, which is a mixture of kaolin, flint and feldspar.
Pin Marks - Small depressions on the underside of a glazed piece left by the pins which support it in the kiln as it is fired. Although they are usually pollished off, the marks cannot be completely erased.
Potter's Wheel - A round platform rotated upon which the potter throws, or forms a circular shape.
Prints - In china decoration, this refers to a tupe or etching, hand cut in metal rolls. The hand cut designs are printed from the roll on special papers, and these prints in turn are applied to china.
Print, Hand-Filled - A decorative term referring to a china print that has color added or filled by hand.
Raised Enamel - A type of fine china decoration requiring superb skill and craftsmanship to achieve.
Reject - A piece of ware withheld from shipment because of an imperfection that prevents it form meeting first quality standards.
Rim - The flat decorated or pattern area of certain types of plates, between edge and verge.
Run of Kiln or R.K. - A grading term, usually denotes china as it comes out of the kiln not subjected to inspection or weeding out.
Seam - A ridge on a piece of molded holloware caused by the joining of two or more parts of the mold.
Shoulder - The wall area which enclosed the well of the plate.
Slip - A mixture of clay and water of creamy consistency used for producing both ceramic body and ceramic decoration.
Throwing - Forming clay manually by shaping it as it is rotated on a revolving platform.
Verge - The name given to the curve dividing the rim and the center area of the piece.
Well - The center or service area of the piece. Center decorations are placed in the well.